Cold recycling on Germany’s oldest autobahn

The mobile cold mixing plant KMA 240i was set up close to the construction site and produced the mix for the new BSM base layer from the milled asphalt with the addition of binding agents.
IMAGE SOURCE: WIRTGEN GROUP

10 July 2024, 09:59

A 2.5 km section of Germany’s oldest Autobahn, the A 555, underwent full rehabilitation using Wirtgen’s cold recycling method.
The cold recycling method significantly reduced CO2 emissions by using bitumen-stabilized material (BSM) produced on-site with the KMA 240i mobile cold mixing plant.
The project maintained traffic flow by keeping at least two lanes open and reconstructing the hard shoulder as a heavy vehicle lane.
The BSM base layer was paved in two layers and compacted using Hamm rollers, followed by an asphalt surface layer.
The cold recycling method offered substantial environmental and cost benefits, including up to 60% lower CO2 emissions and 50% shorter construction time.
Wirtgen Group machines used in the project included the KMA 240i cold mixing plant, Vögele MT 3000-3i PowerFeeder, SUPER 1900-3i asphalt paver, and Hamm HD+ 140i and HP 280i rollers.

Sustainable full rehabilitation on the A 555 near Cologne – significant reduction of CO2 emissions

A full rehabilitation of a 2.5 km section in both directions was carried out on the A 555, Germany’s oldest Autobahn. The overall construction time was estimated to be more than 18 months. The lead contractor on the project decided to use the cold recycling method from Wirtgen instead of a conventional construction method.

At least two lanes needed to be kept open to traffic to avoid serious congestion in the region. The hard shoulder was reconstructed as a heavy vehicle lane with the highest load class of BK100. With conventional paving methods, this would have involved milling off, removing and disposing of all asphalt layers, stabilisation of the sub-base, reconstruction of the asphalt base layer and asphalt binder course and the paving of an asphalt surface layer with the required load bearing capacity.

A resource-friendly alternative

In conventional asphalt construction, the main sources of CO2 emissions are the production of new asphalt layers and the transportation of material to and from the construction site by trucks. As here on the A555, the cold recycling method from Wirtgen offers emission reduction potentials by paving the new base layer with bitumen-stabilised material (BSM) continuously produced at a rate of 240 t of cold mix per hour in a mobile cold mixing plant KMA 240i. Thanks to its high mobility and relatively small footprint, it was also possible to set up the plant at a close and logistically favourable distance from the construction site. This enabled the reduction of a large proportion of the emissions resulting from material transport. ‘What Wirtgen is offering us here with its cold in-plant recycling method is an exceptionally advanced process’, said Stephan Ehlers, Technical Manager, STRABAG AG (Düren Region).

‘We can make process flows considerably more effective and faster with bitumen-stabilised material. In view of our expressed commitment to achieving climate neutrality by 2040, we have a vested interest in the further development of what we have learned from this project.’ Stephan Ehlers, Technical Group Manager STRABAG.<br>IMAGE SOURCE: WIRTGEN GROUP

The cold mixing plant KMA 240i produced the mix for the BSM base layer from reclaimed milled asphalt with the addition of foamed bitumen and cement. The most significant reduction of CO2 emissions achieved here was a result of the cold processing of the mix. The bitumen was delivered at a temperature of 180°C alone and then processed together with water and air to produce foamed bitumen. All this eliminates the need for energy-intensive heating of the aggregate fractions or the granulated asphalt.

In order to achieve the required degree of compaction, the BSM base layer was paved over the pre-prepared sub-base in two separate layers. To ensure uninterrupted paving, a Vögele MT 3000-3i PowerFeeder successively conveyed the mix to the material hopper of the Super 1900-3i paver following on behind. The paver then took care of the true to grade and slope paving of the new base layer to a working width of 3.6 m. The first layer of cold mix paved had a thickness of 16 cm and the second layer, paved the next day, a thickness of 10 cm. Following pre-compaction with the AB500 screed, each of the cold mix layers was ideally compacted by an HD+ 140 tandem roller and an HP 280i pneumatic-tyre roller from Hamm. On the construction site, the cold recycling mix fulfilled all the requirements determined by preliminary testing. In the final step in the process, the BSM mix was overpaved with a new asphalt surface layer (SMA 11 S) with a thickness of 4 cm.

A Vögele MT 3000-3i PowerFeeder transferring BSM cold mix to the SUPER 1900-3i paver.<br>IMAGE SOURCE: WIRTGEN GROUP

BSM – a low-cost, high-quality construction material

BSM mix is firmly established in many countries and is used for all load classes. Using BSM for the base layer on major roads and highways is nothing new around the world and is becoming increasingly interesting and popular in Germany. Suitability testing of the cold recycling mix for the new base layer on the A 555 near Cologne was carried out by STRABAG AG (Düren Region) with the assistance of Wirtgen in its own construction materials testing lab. When appropriately formulated, the mix is suitable for all traffic loads. The quantities of the binding agent and aggregates to be added were determined in preliminary trials. Reclaimed asphalt pavement with 25% crushed sand for the filling of fines, plus 1% cement, 2% foamed bitumen and water yielded positive synergies for the sustainable mix.

As BSM mix can be stockpiled, it also enables more flexible site logistics. This means that the mix can be produced at any time and placed in temporary storage until required. The mix remains pavable and, in contrast to conventional mixes, does not need to be laid down within an extremely short space of time.

The HD+ 140i tandem roller from Hamm assured optimal compaction of the cold mix before an HP 280i pneumatic-tyre roller took over the task of final thin cape seal surfacing.<br>IMAGE SOURCE: WIRTGEN GROUP